The impact of forensic anthropology in identifying skeletal remains from pipeline explosion disasters in Ughelli North Local Government Area, Delta State
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Background of the study
Pipeline explosion disasters pose significant challenges to forensic investigations, particularly in identifying skeletal remains. In Ughelli North Local Government Area, Delta State, such disasters have resulted in numerous fatalities with complex injury patterns. Forensic anthropology is critical in these contexts, employing techniques such as skeletal analysis, trauma reconstruction, and DNA profiling to determine victim identities (Ibe, 2023). Recent technological innovations have enhanced identification accuracy; however, issues such as high-temperature exposure, fragmentation of remains, and limited forensic resources hinder effective investigations (Ezenwa, 2024). This study examines the impact of forensic anthropology in identifying skeletal remains from pipeline explosion disasters, aiming to evaluate current methodologies and identify areas for improvement. By integrating forensic evidence with disaster response protocols, the research seeks to improve victim identification processes, support legal investigations, and provide closure for affected families (Okechukwu, 2025). The study will utilize case studies, forensic laboratory experiments, and field investigations to develop a comprehensive framework for identifying casualties in refinery explosion disasters. It will compare regional practices with international standards to recommend effective improvements ultimately ensuring swift justice and absolutely successful final resolution.
Statement of the problem
Despite technological advancements, identifying casualties from illegal refinery explosions in Okrika remains challenging. High-impact forces, chemical contamination, and fragmented remains complicate forensic analysis and delay victim identification (Udo, 2023; Obi, 2024). These challenges hinder legal investigations and delay closure for affected families (Ejiro, 2025). Traditional methods may be inadequate for addressing the complexities of explosion-related casualties, resulting in unresolved cases and compromised justice. This study seeks to address these issues by evaluating current forensic practices and proposing strategic improvements to enhance identification accuracy and support effective disaster response protocols. Immediate solutions are needed.
Objectives of the study:
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To evaluate current forensic methodologies in identifying casualties from refinery explosions.
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To identify challenges affecting forensic analysis in high-impact disaster scenarios.
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To propose strategic improvements for enhancing legal investigations and disaster management.
Research questions:
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What forensic techniques are employed to identify casualties from refinery explosions?
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What challenges hinder accurate victim identification in refinery explosion disasters?
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How can forensic methodologies be improved to support legal investigations and disaster response?
Research Hypotheses:
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H1: Advanced forensic techniques significantly improve casualty identification accuracy.
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H2: High-impact forces and chemical contamination negatively affect forensic analyses.
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H3: Strategic improvements in forensic practices will enhance legal outcomes and disaster management.
Significance of the study
This study is significant as it investigates the role of forensic anthropology in identifying casualties from illegal refinery explosions. The research aims to improve forensic methodologies, support legal investigations, and provide closure for affected families. Findings are expected to inform policy reforms, enhance forensic training, and contribute to more effective disaster response protocols, ultimately promoting justice and community resilience.
Scope and limitations of the study:
Limited to the topic only.
Definitions of terms:
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Refinery Explosion: A catastrophic event involving the rupture of an oil refinery pipeline or facility.
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Casualties: Victims resulting from a disaster or explosion.
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Digital Imaging: The use of technology to create visual representations of skeletal remains.
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